State Technology and Science Index | Methodology

Indicators

Research and Development Inputs (RDI)
Risk Capital and Entrepreneurial Infrastructure (RCI)
Human Capital Investment (HCI)
Technology and Science Workforce (TSW)
Technology Concentration and Dynamism (TCD)

Research and Development Inputs (RDI)	Source	Year
Federal R&D Funding (per capita)	NSF, National Patterns of R&D Resources, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development	2016-2018
Industry R&D Funding (per capita)	NSF, National Patterns of R&D Resources, Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey	2015-2017
Academic R&D Funding (per capita)	NSF, National Patterns of R&D Resources, Higher Education Research and Development Survey	2016-2018
National Science Foundation Funding per $100,000 of GSP	NSF, Budget Internet Information System	2017-2019
Higher Ed R&D Expenditures on Engineering (per capita)	NSF, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges/Higher Education Research and Development Survey	2016-2018
Higher Ed R&D Expenditures on Physical Sciences (per capita)	NSF, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges/Higher Education Research and Development Survey	2016-2018
Higher Ed R&D Expenditures on Geosciences, Atmospheric Sciences, and Ocean Sciences (per capita)	NSF, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges/Higher Education Research and Development Survey	2016-2018
Higher Ed R&D Expenditures on Computer and Information Sciences (per capita)	NSF, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges/Higher Education Research and Development Survey	2016-2018
Higher Ed R&D Expenditures on Life Sciences (per capita)	NSF, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges/Higher Education Research and Development Survey	2016-2018
Higher Ed R&D Expenditures on Math and Statistics (per capita)	NSF, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges/Higher Education Research and Development Survey	2016-2018

Risk Capital and Entrepreneurial Infrastructure (RCI)	Source	Year
Venture Capital Investment Growth	PwC, Moneytree Report	2017-2019
Venture Capital Investment as Percentage of GSP	PwC, Moneytree Report	2017-2019
Venture Capital Deal Growth	PwC, Moneytree Report	2016-2018
Venture Capital Deals per 10,000 Business Establishments	PwC, Moneytree Report	2016-2018
SBIC Funding per $1,000 of GSP	Congressional Research Service, University of North Texas, SBA SBIC	2016-2018
Patents Issued per 100,000 People	USPTO, Performance and Accountability Report	2017-2019
Business Starts per 100,000 People	US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns	2016-2018
IPO Investment as Percent of GSP	Pitchbook	2017-2019
Venture Capital Investment in Nanotechnology per $1,000 of GSP	Pitchbook	2017-2019
Venture Capital Investment in Clean Technology per $1,000 of GSP	Pitchbook	2017-2019
Average Venture Capital in Biotechnology per $1,000 of GSP	Pitchbook	2017-2019

Human Capital Investment (HCI)	Source	Year
Percentage of Population Age 25+ with Bachelor's Degree or Higher	American Community Survey 1-year estimates	2016-2018
Percentage of Population Age 25+ with Advanced Degree	American Community Survey 1-year estimates	2016-2018
Percentage of Population Age 25+ with PhD	American Community Survey 1-year estimates	2016-2018
Per Capita State Spending on Student Aid	National Association of State Student Grant & Aid Programs Annual Fiscal Report	2016-2018
Average Reading and Writing SAT Scores	College Board	2017-2019
Average Math SAT Scores	College Board	2017-2019
Average ACT Scores	ACT	2017-2019
State Appropriations for Higher Education (per capita)	Illinois State University, Grapevine	2017-2019
Percent Change in State Appropriations for Higher Education	Illinois State University, Grapevine	2018-2019
Doctoral Scientists per 100,000 People	NSF, Survey of Doctorate Recipients	2017
Doctoral Engineers per 100,000 People	NSF, Survey of Doctorate Recipients	2017
PhDs awarded in Science, Engineering, and Health per 100,000 People	NSF, Survey of Earned Doctorates	2016-2018
Graduate Students in Science & Engineering & Health per 100,000 People	NSF-NIH, Survey of Graduate Students & Post Doctorates in Science and Engineering	2016-2018
Percentage of Bachelor's Degrees in Science, Engineering, and Health	IPEDS, Completions Survey	2016-2017
Recent Bachelor's Degrees in Science and Engineering per 1,000 Workers	IPEDS, Completions Survey	2016-2018
Recent Master's Degrees in Science and Engineering per 1,000 Workers	IPEDS, Completions Survey	2016-2017
Recent PhD Degrees in Science and Engineering per 1,000 Workers	NSF, Survey of Earned Doctorates	2016-2018
Recent Degrees in Science and Engineering per 1,000 Workers	IPEDS, Completions Survey	2016-2018
Percentage of Households with Computers	American Community Survey 1-year estimates	2016-2018
Percentage of Households with Broadband Access	American Community Survey 1-year estimates	2016-2018

Tech and Science Workforce (TSW)	Source	Year
Computer and Information Science
Intensity of Computer Systems Analysts per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Information Security Analysts per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Computer and Information Research Scientists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Computer Network Support Specialists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Computer User Support Specialists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Computer Network Architects per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Network and Computer Systems Administrators per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Database Administrators per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Computer Programmers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Software Developers, Applications per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Web Developers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Computer Occupations, All Other per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Operations Research Analysts per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Statisticians per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Data Scientists and Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Engineering
Intensity of Aerospace Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Chemical Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Civil Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Computer Hardware Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Electrical Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Environmental Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Industrial Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Materials Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Mechanical Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Nuclear Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Petroleum Engineers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Engineers, All Other per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Life and Physical Science
Intensity of Soil and Plant Scientists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Biochemists and Biophysicists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Microbiologists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Biological Scientists, All Other per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Epidemiologists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Life Scientists, All Other per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Physicists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Atmospheric and Space Scientists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Chemists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Materials Scientists per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Physical Scientists, All Other per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Agricultural and Food Science Technicians per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Biological Technicians per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Chemical Technicians per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019
Intensity of Nuclear Technicians per 1,000 Workers	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics	2019

Technology Concentration and Dynamism (TCD)	Source	Year
Percentage of Employment in High-Tech Industries	US Census Bureau, Country Business Patterns	2016-2018
Percentage of Payroll in High-Tech Industries	US Census Bureau, Country Business Patterns	2016-2018
Percentage of Establishments in High-Tech Industries	US Census Bureau, Country Business Patterns	2016-2018
Net Formation of High-Tech Firms per 10,000 Business Establishments	US Census Bureau, Country Business Patterns	2016-2018
Employment Growth of High-Tech Industries	US Census Bureau, Country Business Patterns	2016-2018
Number of High-Tech Industries with LQ Higher than 1.0	Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Wages and Employment	2016-2018
Number of Inc. 500 Companies per 10,000 Business Establishments	Inc. Magazine	2016-2018
Number of Technology Fast 500 Companies per 10,000 Business Establishments	Deloitte Fast 500 Technology	2016-2018